Examining tourism‑induced environmental Kuznets Curves in South Asia

This paper analyzes the non-linear tourism-environmental degradation nexus in the selected South Asian countries using a modified Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework. The paper applies the Cross-Sectional Autoregressive Distributed Lag (CS-ARDL) method to examine tourism-induced EKCs from 1990 to 2021. Findings reveal a valid N-shaped EKC for the selected South Asian countries. Country-level estimates show that Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka exhibit N-shaped tourism-induced EKC.